Gastroenteritis is commonly known as an upset stomach (also called traveler's tummy or stomach flu). This condition is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach and the intestines. It is usually associated with nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, diarrhea and a stomach ache.
Symptoms depend on the cause and how long the condition has been present, among other factors. The condition usually starts suddenly, sometimes with a loss of appetite, nausea, cramping and growling or rumbling sounds from gas moving through the intestines and diarrhea. If there has been too much loss of fluids, dehydration, headaches, irritability and shock may occur. Other signs include muscle aches, weakness and feeling sick.
Although the cause is not always identified, some possibilities include:
- Infections
- Viruses
- Intestinal parasites
- Chemical toxins found in plants, seafood or contaminated food
- Ingesting heavy metals (such as arsenic, lead, mercury or cadmium)
- Drugs that alter the digestive system
To form a diagnosis, doctors will look for a cause, such as the patient's having:
- Eaten potentially contaminated food
- Drunk untreated surface water
- Recently traveled
- Contact with people who have similar symptoms
Other tests may include:
- Samples of stool or vomit to see if bacteria, viruses or parasites are present
- Blood tests
- Sigmoidoscopy to rule out other problems
Treatment includes:
- Bed rest
- Giving strained broth or bouillon
- Giving bland foods (e.g., cereal, gelatin, bananas or toast)
Drugs may also be given to stop vomiting or diarrhea. Antibiotics may also be given if an infection is suspected.
